{"id":15155,"date":"2023-02-28T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fondation-grenoble-inp.fr\/?p=15155"},"modified":"2023-07-24T15:04:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T13:04:26","slug":"laffouillement-passe-au-crible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fondation-grenoble-inp.fr\/en\/laffouillement-passe-au-crible\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019affouillement pass\u00e9 au crible"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 de Grenoble INP \u2013 Ense3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Matthias Renaud<\/a> travaille au sein de la Chaire d\u2019excellence industrielle <\/a><\/span>Oxalia<\/span>, <\/span>port\u00e9e par la Fondation Grenoble INP gr\u00e2ce au m\u00e9c\u00e9nat d\u2019<\/span>Artelia.<\/a> Apr\u00e8s un stage de 6 mois au LEGI (Laboratoire des \u00c9coulements G\u00e9ophysiques et Industriels)<\/a> et dans le cadre de la chaire, il s’est lanc\u00e9 dans une th\u00e8se au mois d’octobre. Dans celle-ci, il <\/span>d\u00e9veloppe <\/span>un mod\u00e8le visant \u00e0 simuler les \u00e9coulements hydro-s\u00e9dimentaires <\/span>autou<\/span>r d<\/span>\u2019o<\/span>uvrages hydrauliques jusqu\u2019aux petites \u00e9chelles.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0
<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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D\u2019apr\u00e8s une \u00e9tude am\u00e9ricaine, pr\u00e8s de 50% de la centaine de ruptures de ponts observ\u00e9e par an aux Etats-Unis est provoqu\u00e9e par un probl\u00e8me d\u2019affouillement. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne concerne non seulement les ponts, mais \u00e9galement tous les ouvrages hydrauliques dont les bases sont plac\u00e9es directement dans une rivi\u00e8re. <\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u202fEn constituant un obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9coulement, les piles de ponts d\u00e9vient la rivi\u00e8re de sa trajectoire<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019\u00e9coulement s\u2019en trouve alors perturb\u00e9, et entra\u00eene avec lui sable et s\u00e9diments. Rapidement, le lit de la rivi\u00e8re s\u2019\u00e9rode et une fosse d\u2019affouillement se forme tout autour de l\u2019ouvrage, <\/span><\/span><\/em>explique Matthias Renaud, qui consacre sa th\u00e8se \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne au LEGI.<\/span><\/span> Si la rivi\u00e8re est trop gourmande en s\u00e9diments, la fosse se creuse et peut endommager les fondations de l\u2019ouvrage, qui, dans le pire des cas, peut aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9crouler.\u202f\u00bb<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ne pas sous-estimer les petites \u00e9chelles<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pour am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019un ouvrage, il est n\u00e9cessaire de prendre en compte le risque d\u2019affouillement d\u00e8s sa phase de conception. Et pour cela, les mod\u00e8les num\u00e9riques sont indispensables. Mais reproduire num\u00e9riquement r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s compliqu\u00e9\u202f: il faut en effet prendre en compte une multitude de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, parfois \u00e0 tr\u00e8s petite \u00e9chelle.<\/span>\u202f\u00ab\u202fL\u2019\u00e9coulement est turbulent : il est constitu\u00e9 d\u2019une multitude de tourbillons qui varient en taille, en forme, sont al\u00e9atoires et chaotiques, et pourtant tr\u00e8s importants car ce sont eux qui arrachent les s\u00e9diments du lit de la rivi\u00e8re et les emportent dans l\u2019\u00e9coulement,\u202f\u00bb<\/span><\/i> souligne le jeune chercheur.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Une fois les s\u00e9diments en suspension dans l\u2019eau, une comp\u00e9tition s\u2019instaure entre la gravit\u00e9 qui a tendance \u00e0 les faire couler, et les turbulences qui les re-entrainent dans l\u2019\u00e9coulement. D\u2019autres encore glissent et roulent sur le lit de la rivi\u00e8re, et quand localement la pente devient trop importante, des avalanches se produisent. <\/span>\u00ab\u202fTous ces mouvements conjugu\u00e9s modifient la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du lit de la rivi\u00e8re, qui finit par se creuser.\u202f\u00bb<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

A l\u2019heure actuelle, les logiciels utilis\u00e9s en ing\u00e9nierie fluviale et c\u00f4ti\u00e8re permettent de r\u00e9soudre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes se produisant \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, mais sont incapables de capturer les d\u00e9tails des \u00e9coulements.<\/span>\u202f<\/span>Les mod\u00e8les acad\u00e9miques qui consid\u00e8rent les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes aux petites \u00e9chelles sont bien trop gourmands en puissance de calcul pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s dans l\u2019industrie.<\/span> \u00ab\u202fIl faut donc trouver un compromis en mod\u00e9lisant num\u00e9riquement tous ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes et en d\u00e9veloppant un mod\u00e8le num\u00e9rique <\/span><\/i>open source<\/span> qui les repr\u00e9sente au mieux, sans calculs trop lourds, <\/span><\/i>explique Matthias Renaud<\/span>.\u202fCela sera mon travail durant les trois prochaines ann\u00e9es, et si j\u2019y arrive, les ing\u00e9nieurs auront la vie un peu plus facile\u202f!\u202f\u00bb<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

En effet, un tel logiciel pourrait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour dimensionner au plus juste la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie des piles, les fondations, les ouvrages de protection, et faire des \u00e9conomies sans rien sacrifier \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Mais avant cela, les \u00e9volutions logicielles devront \u00eatre valid\u00e9es par des exp\u00e9riences en laboratoire avec Artelia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

*CNRS, Grenoble INP \u2013 UGA, UGA<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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En savoir plus sur la Chaire <\/span>Oxalia<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 de Grenoble INP \u2013 Ense3, Matthias Renaud s\u2019est lanc\u00e9 dans une th\u00e8se dans le cadre de la Chaire d\u2019excellence industrielle Oxalia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":15200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[476],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019affouillement pass\u00e9 au crible - Fondation Grenoble INP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 de Grenoble INP \u2013 Ense3, Matthias Renaud s\u2019est lanc\u00e9 dans une th\u00e8se dans le cadre de la Chaire d\u2019excellence industrielle Oxalia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fondation-grenoble-inp.fr\/en\/laffouillement-passe-au-crible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019affouillement pass\u00e9 au crible - 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